A comprehensive CFD study of the spray combustion, soot formation and emissions of ternary mixtures of diesel, biodiesel and gasoline under compression ignition engine-relevant conditions

In this research, the spray combustion, soot formation and exhaust emissions of diesel, biodiesel, gasoline fuels their mixtures are analysed in a constant volume chamber. A multicomponent kinetic mechanism (CDBG) suitable for diesel-biodiesel-gasoline developed by our research group is utilised, associated physicochemical properties thoroughly calculated. Adaptive mesh refinement scheme with appropriate independency analysis applied. Liquid penetration length, lift-off ignition delay have been benchmarked against experimental data literature. hybrid RANS-LES model, known as DES used to simulate turbulent condition. The effects different ambient temperature/oxygen levels on flame structure, ternary D75|BD20|G5, D70|BD20|G10 D65|BD20|G15 were analysed. resulted lower mass yield than that BD100 (pure biodiesel) D100 diesel) about 35% 27%, respectively, at T = 900 K | O2 15%. Greater reductions tested captured decrease temperature from 800 factor ∼1/3 (same concentration). Lower nitrogen oxides (NOx) obtained factors ∼1/2 15% compared BD100. Gasoline-added revealed NOx (∼20%) yet still higher D100. carbon dioxide (CO2) monoxide (CO)